{"id":39665,"date":"2024-01-03T14:30:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T13:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cmm.imgw.pl\/?p=39665"},"modified":"2024-01-03T14:42:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T13:42:47","slug":"kwadrantydy-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cmm.imgw.pl\/?p=39665","title":{"rendered":"Kwadrantydy 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kwadrantydy to r\u00f3j meteor\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry bierze swoj\u0105 nazw\u0119 od nieistniej\u0105cego wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie gwiazdozbioru Kwadrantu (po \u0142acinie Quadrantis muralis), ustanowionego w 1795 r. Nazwa gwiazdozbioru pochodzi\u0142a od przyrz\u0105du s\u0142u\u017c\u0105cego do wyznaczania po\u0142o\u017cenia gwiazd, czyli kwadrantu.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz<\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Quadrans_muralis_map.png<\/a><\/p>\n

W 1922 roku Mi\u0119dzynarodowa Unia Astronomiczna (ta sama, kt\u00f3ra zdegradowa\u0142a Plutona z planety do cia\u0142a transneptunowego) powzi\u0119\u0142a uchwa\u0142\u0119 o podziale nieba na 88 konstelacji, przy zachowaniu obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cych w\u00f3wczas granic, kt\u00f3re by\u0142y nieregularne. Poniewa\u017c taki podzia\u0142 sfery niebieskiej by\u0142 nieco chaotyczny, w 1928 roku Mi\u0119dzynarodowa Unia Astronomiczna podj\u0119\u0142a uchwa\u0142\u0119, kt\u00f3rej celem by\u0142o uporz\u0105dkowanie panuj\u0105cego chaosu. Wytyczono nowe granice gwiazdozbior\u00f3w. Do wytyczenia nowych granic u\u017cyto r\u00f3wnole\u017cnik\u00f3w niebieskich oraz \u0142uk\u00f3w k\u00f3\u0142 godzinnych. Podzia\u0142 \u00f3w obowi\u0105zuje do dzi\u015b.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz Po\u0142o\u017cenie radiantu roju Kwadrantyd\u00f3w. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Astronomy.com.<\/p>\n

Godzinowa Liczba Zenitalna (ZHR \u2013 zenithal hourly rate) dla tego roju wynosi oko\u0142o 80, ale jest silnie podatna na zmiany z roku na rok. Maksimum trwa zaledwie kilka godzin. Mo\u017cna te\u017c ujrze\u0107 bolidy (fireballs), czyli bardzo jasne meteory kt\u00f3rym czasem towarzyszy efekt d\u017awi\u0119kowy.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz Ubieg\u0142oroczne Kwadrantydy w obiektywie Hectora Quastejon (Flickr).<\/p>\n

Maksimum Kwadrantyd\u00f3w przypada na poranek z 3 na 4 stycznia. Poniewa\u017c p\u00f3\u0142nocna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 Wolarza (Bootes; tam, gdzie kiedy\u015b wyr\u00f3\u017cniono gwiazdozbi\u00f3r Kwadrantu) nie g\u00f3ruje w zenicie, realna liczba meteor\u00f3w mo\u017ce wynie\u015b\u0107 25-30 na godzin\u0119, czyli oko\u0142o 1 na 2 minuty. Zatem kilkakrotnie wi\u0119cej ni\u017c t\u0142o meteor\u00f3w sporadycznych.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz<\/p>\n

Kwadrant \u015bcienny (mural quadrant) u\u017cywany przez Tychona de Brahe. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Axel Boldt, Royal Library. Od takiego instrumentu nosi\u0142 w latach 1795-1922 nazw\u0119 gwiazdozbi\u00f3r (obecnie p\u00f3\u0142nocna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 Wolarza).<\/p>\n

Pewn\u0105 przeszkod\u0105 w obserwacjach b\u0119dzie Ksi\u0119\u017cyc, oddalony od Ziemi o 397600 km, kt\u00f3ry o 4:30 b\u0119dzie w III kwadrze. Jego jasno\u015b\u0107 wyniesie -10m<\/sup>08. Ksi\u0119\u017cyc b\u0119dzie znajdowa\u0142 si\u0119 w gwiazdozbiorze Panny w pobli\u017cu w\u0119z\u0142a zst\u0119puj\u0105cego.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz<\/p>\n

Wygl\u0105d nieba, 4 I 2024 roku, o godzinie 4:30. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: https:\/\/stellarium-web.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Radiant roju b\u0119dzie na p\u00f3\u0142nocnym wschodzie. Zaleca si\u0119 obserwacje tak, aby Ksi\u0119\u017cyc by\u0142 poza polem widzenia.<\/p>\n

Co do kwadrant\u00f3w, by\u0142y takie, kt\u00f3re osi\u0105ga\u0142y promie\u0144 40 metr\u00f3w. Warto wspomnie\u0107 jeden wyj\u0105tkowy, w drugim mie\u015bcie Uzbekistanu \u2013 Samarkandzie. W XV wieku prze\u017cywa\u0142o ono rozkwit a doradc\u0105 su\u0142tana by\u0142 matematyk, fizyk i astronom, Ulugh Beg.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz<\/p>\n

Ulugh Beg (1425-1450) w \u00f3wczesnym obrazie timuryjskim (czyli z czas\u00f3w rozkwitu kraju pod w\u0142adz\u0105 su\u0142tana Timura).<\/p>\n

Jeszcze bardziej niezwyk\u0142y opr\u00f3cz samej Samarkandy jest kwadrant: zbudowany w tunelu mi\u0119dzy budynkami, z obu stron otoczony schodami. Przetrwa\u0142 do dzi\u015b. Po szczeg\u00f3\u0142owy opis u\u017cytkowania kwadrantu odsy\u0142am do Wikipedii i opis\u00f3w islamskich astronom\u00f3w tamtych czas\u00f3w. Z kolei w muzeum Collegium Maius Uniwersytetu Jagiello\u0144skiego znajduje si\u0119 kwadrant u\u017cywany przez Miko\u0142aja Kopernika. Ten\u017ce Kopernik u\u017cywa\u0142 te\u017c kilkusetletniego (wtedy) astrolabium kupionego i sprowadzonego z kraj\u00f3w arabskich – czego\u015b w rodzaju \u00f3wczesnego superkomputera.<\/p>\n

\"Obraz<\/p>\n

Kwadrant Ulugh Bega w Samarkandzie. By\u0142 \u015bwiadkiem i narz\u0119dziem \u015bwietno\u015bci azjatyckiej astronomii w dobie \u015bredniowiecza.<\/p>\n

Innym uj\u0119ciem jak\u017ce ciekawego miasta Samarkanda jest cmentarz islamski Shah-I-Zinda. To zaledwie kilkana\u015bcie godzin podr\u00f3\u017cy z Polski.<\/p>\n

Wn\u0119trze nekropolii Shah-I-Zinda w drugim co do liczby ludno\u015bci mie\u015bcie w Uzbekistanie, Samarkandzie (oko\u0142o 500,000 mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w) \u2013 zabytku wpisanym na \u015bwiatow\u0105 list\u0119 dziedzictwa UNESCO.<\/p>\n

Opracowanie:<\/p>\n

dr Marcin Kolonko, Centrum Modelowania Meteorologicznego IMGW-PIB<\/p>\n

dr Grzegorz Duniec, Centrum Modelowania Meteorologicznego IMGW-PIB<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kwadrantydy to r\u00f3j meteor\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry bierze swoj\u0105 nazw\u0119 od nieistniej\u0105cego wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie gwiazdozbioru Kwadrantu (po \u0142acinie Quadrantis muralis), ustanowionego w 1795 r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[]},"categories":[100],"tags":[68,143,85,73,92,76,94,99,71,67],"yoast_head":"\nKwadrantydy 2024 - 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